Czasownik

I. Bezokolicznik

W języku angielskim bezokolicznik czasownika wyrażany jest przy pomocy słówka to:

to come
przyjść

to be
być

to run
biec
Istnieje grupa czasowników, tzw. czasowniki modalne, których forma bezokolicznikowa nie jest poprzedzana przez słówko to:

can
móc

must
musieć

II. Formy czasownika - podstawowe wiadomości

Każdy czasownik w języku angielskim - poza czasownikami modalnymi - posiada trzy podstawowe formy.

Infinitive	Past	Past Participle
play	played	played
do	did	done

Czasowniki w języku angielskim dzielimy na regularne i nieregularne. Regularne tworzą formę Past i Past Participle poprzez dodanie do bezokolicznika końcówki -(e)d.

Infinitive	Past	Past Participle
walk	walked	walked
smile	smiled	smiled
cry	cried	cried

Czasowniki nieregularne posiadają własne formy Past i Past Participle.

Infinitive	Past	Past Participle
go	went	gone
bring	brought	brought
cut	cut	cut

W języku angielskim, szczególnie w mowie, funkcjonują skróty niektórych form czasowników posiłkowych i ułomnych.

I am - I'm
he is - he's
she is - she's
it is - it's
we are - we're
you are - you're
I am not - I'm not
is not - isn't
are not - aren't
was not - wasn't
were not - weren't
do not - don't
does not - doesn't
did not - didn't
I will - I'll
will not - won't
I have - I've
you have - you've
he has -he's
we have - we've
they have - they've
have not - haven't
has not - hasn't
cannot - can't

III. Czasowniki to be, to have, must, can

to be - być

Zdania twierdzące	Przeczenia	Pytania
I am (Jestem)	I am not	Am I?
you are	you are not	Are you?
he is	he is not	Is he?
she is	she is not	Is she?
it is	it is not	Is it?
we are	we are not	Are we?
you are	you are not	Are you?
they are	they are not	Are they?

Zdania twierdzące	Przeczenia	Pytania
I was (Byłem)	I was not (wasn't)	Was I?
you were	you were not (weren't)	Were you?
he was	he was not (wasn't)	Was he?
she was	she was not (wasn't)	Was she?
it was	it was (wasn't)	Was it?
we were	we were (weren't)	Were we?
you were	you were (weren't)	Were you?
they were	they were (weren't)	Were they?

Zdania twierdzące	Przeczenia	Pytania
I will be (Będę)	I will not (won't) be	Will I be?
you will be	you will not (won't) be	Will you be?
he will be	he will not (won't) be	Will he be?
she will be	she will not (won't) be	Will she be?
it will be	it will not (won't) be	Will it be?
we will be	we will not (won't) be	Will we be?
you will be	you will not (won't) be	Will you be?
they will be	they will not (won't) be	Will they be?

to have - mieć

Zdania twierdzące	Przeczenia	Pytania
I have (Mam)	I have not (haven't)	Have I?
you have	you have not (haven't)	Have you?
he has	he has not (hasn't)	Has he?
she has	she has not (hasn't)	Has she?
it has	it has not (hasn't)	Has it?
we have	we have not (haven't)	Have we?
you have	you have not (haven't)	Have you?
they have	they have not (haven't)	Have they?

can - móc

must - musieć

I can (Mogę)	I must (Muszę)
you can	you must
he can	he must
she can	she must
it can	it must
we can	we must
you can	you must
they can	they must

Należy pamiętać, że po czasownikach can i must piszemy czasowniki w formie bezokolicznikowej z pominięciem słówka to:

I must go.
Muszę iść.

She can run fast.
Ona potrafi szybko biegać.

I can not (can't) (Nie mogę)	I need not (needn't) (Nie muszę)
you cannot (can't)	you need not (needn't)
he cannot (can't)	he need not (needn't)
she cannot (can't)	she need not (needn't)
it cannot (can't)	it need not (needn't)
we cannot (can't)	we need not (needn't)
you cannot (can't)	you need not (needn't)
they cannot (can't)	they need not (needn't)

Przeczenia od can i must tworzymy przez dodanie do nich wyrazu przeczącego not.
Forma przecząca czasownika must oznacza zakaz.
Żeby wyrazić, że czegoś nie musimy robić, używamy formy przeczącej czasownika need.

I must do it.
Muszę to zrobić.

She mustn't go there.
Nie wolno jej tam iść.

We needn't come to school tomorrow.
Nie musimy przychodzić jutro do szkoły.

Can I? (Czy mogę?)	Must I? (Czy muszę?)
Can you?	Must you?
Can he?	Must he?
Can she?	Must she?
Can it?	Must it?
Can we?	Must we?
Can you?	Must you?
Can they?	Must they?

Pytania od must i can tworzymy przy pomocy inwersji - przestawienia podmiotu i orzeczenia.

Can I come at 5?
Czy mogę przyjść o 5?

Must we do it?
Czy musimy to robić?